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| 《大学英语四级阅读200篇》46-47篇 | ||||||||||||
www.kaoease.com 2007-10-13 考怡网 阅读次 |
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Passage 77 The world has become a world of cities.With the present rate of urban growth(3.8% in the Third World),the majority of the population of the world will be living in cities by the year 2000.This will transform the rural-urban equation which has marked the history of mankind up to now and will call for new paradigms and a great deal of innovation to face this phenomenon. This being so,one must accept the fact that for some years to come,no policy will be capable of stopping or reversing the present migratory trends from the rural areas to the cities in the Third World.In Africa,the urban population will reach 330 million people by the end of the century as against 150 million in 1985. The munber of people living in shanty towns will inevitably increase in spite of the efforts to improve housing conditions.Africa alone needs to build 12 million housing units between now and the year 2000 to meet its most basic needs.In an ILO study,M.S.V.Sethuraman estimates that in 70 Third World cities the proportion of people living in shanty towns varies from 15% to 70% and that about US $ 116 billion are required to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century--less than US $ 10 billion per year. The world population is growing at a rate of about 90 million people per year,with the Third World accounting for 80 million of them.The pressure on cities can only go on increasing.The urban population of the developing countries will exceed 2 billion people by the year 2000 and since the main reason for the high demographic growth is poverty,the additional population will be mostly made of people of very limited means. 1.If the urban population of the developing countries exceeds 2 billion people by the year 2000,the additional people will face the problem of _____. 2.According to the passage "about US $ 116 billion are reauired to give minimum comfort to these people by the turn of the century--less than US $ 10billion per year."Do you think which year was the article written by saying"less than $ 10 billion per year"by the turn of the century? 3. The mankind should face the phenomenon that the world has become a world of cities with _____. 4.In Africa,people in cities will be _____ by the end of the century. 5.In spite of teh efforts to improve housing condition,the number of peole living in shanty towns will increase because _____. 47/200 passage 32 At some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible.However,chances are that you don't act on your impulse ,but let it pass instead .You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior . Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how can change over the years within the same society ,how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time .Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsettting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye ,people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and ,as a result ,are more willing to talk about this taboo subject. One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike manty other taboos,fat is a topic that americans talk about constantly. It's not taboo to talk about fat ;it's taboo to be fat. The "in " look is thin ,not fat .In the work world ,most companies prefer youthful-looking ,trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand ,is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy ,self-discipline ,and self-respect. After all ,people think ,how can people who care about themselves ,and therefore the way they look, permit themselves to become fat ? In an image-conscious society like the U.S.,thin is "in" ,fat is "out". It's not surprising ,then ,that millions of americans have become obsessed with staying slim and "in shape ". The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance in not ,however ,the sole reason for american's obsession with diet and exercise .Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health .As in most technologically developed nations ,the life-style of north americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand .Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse ,people's bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of americans are spending more of their time exercising .The effect of this new appreciation of the importance of exercise is evident: parks are filled with joggers and bicyclists, physical education programs are enjoying a newly found prestige ,and many companies are providing special exercise facilities for their employees to use during the work day. 1.Form the passage we can infer taboo is _____. 2.Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can concluded "being fat" _____ in american society. 3.The topic of fat is _____ many other taboo subjects . 4.In the U. S. ,thin is "in " ,fat is "out ",this means ______. 5.Apart from this new understanding of th correlation between health and exercise ,the main reason the passage gives for why so many americands are exercising regularly is _____. |
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